Strategies and techniques of node placement in wireless sensor networks: a Survey

In recent years with advances in wireless communication technology, sensing technology can be used for a wide variety of applications and systems with vastly varying requirements and characteristics, such as environmental monitoring, disaster management, factory automation, health care and military. Typical sensor network consists of a large number of spatially distributed autonomous sensor devices. We study the sensor placement techniques in wireless sensor networks. We address the following problem: given the required lifetime of a sensor network, the initial energy of each sensor node, and the area to be covered, what is the minimum number of nodes needed to construct such a network and what is the corresponding placement scheme used in placement. KeywordsWireless sensor networks, connectivity, coverage, Network longivity